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Gonorrhea is a. It’s caused by infection with the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It tends to infect warm, moist areas of the body, including the:. urethra (the tube that drains urine from the urinary bladder).
eyes. throat. anus. (the fallopian tubes, cervix, and uterus) Gonorrhea passes from person to person through oral, anal, or vaginal sex. People with numerous sexual partners or those who don’t use a condom are at greatest risk of infection. The best protections against infection are abstinence, monogamy (sex with only one partner),. Behaviors that make a person more likely to engage in unprotected sex also increase the likelihood of infection.
These behaviors include and illegal, particularly intravenous drug use. Symptoms usually occur within two to 14 days after exposure. However, some people infected with gonorrhea never develop noticeable symptoms. It’s important to remember that a person with gonorrhea who doesn’t have symptoms, also called a nonsymptomatic carrier, is still contagious. A person is more likely to spread the infection to other partners when they don’t have noticeable symptoms. Symptoms in men may not develop noticeable symptoms for several weeks.
Some men may never develop symptoms. Typically, the infection begins to show symptoms a week after its transmission. The first noticeable symptom in men is often a burning. As it progresses, other symptoms may include:. greater frequency or. a pus-like discharge (or drip) from the penis (white, yellow, beige, or greenish). swelling or redness at the opening of the penis.
or in the testicles. a persistent sore throat The infection will stay in the body for a few weeks after the symptoms have been treated.
In rare instances, gonorrhea can continue to cause damage to the body, specifically the urethra and testicles. Pain may also spread to the. Symptoms in women Many don’t develop any overt symptoms of gonorrhea. When women do develop symptoms, they tend to be mild or similar to other infections, making them more difficult to identify. Gonorrhea infections can appear much like common or bacterial infections.
Symptoms include:. from the vagina (watery, creamy, or slightly green). pain or burning sensation while urinating. the need to urinate more. or.
sore throat. upon engaging in sexual intercourse. sharp pain in the lower. Healthcare professionals can diagnose gonorrhea infection in several ways. They can take a sample of fluid from the symptomatic area with a swab (penis, vagina, rectum, or throat) and place it on a glass slide.
If your doctor suspects a joint or, he or she will obtain the sample by or inserting a needle into the symptomatic joint to withdraw fluid. They will then add a stain to the sample and examine it under a microscope. If cells react to the stain, you most likely have a gonorrhea infection. This method is relatively quick and easy, but it doesn’t provide absolutely certainty. This test may also be completed by a lab technologist. A second method involves taking the same type of sample and placing it on a special dish. This will be incubated under ideal growth conditions for several days.
A colony of gonorrhea bacteria will grow if gonorrhea is present. A preliminary result may be ready within 24 hours. A final result will take up to three days. Women are at greater risk of long-term complications from untreated infections. Untreated infection with gonorrhea in women may ascend up the female reproductive tract and involve the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
This condition is known as and can cause severe and chronic pain and damage the female reproductive organs. PID can be caused by other sexually transmitted diseases as well. Women may also develop blocking or scarring of the fallopian tubes, which can future pregnancy or cause. An ectopic pregnancy is when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus.
Gonorrhea infection may pass to a newborn infant during. Men may experience scarring of the urethra. Men may also develop a painful abscess in the interior of the penis. The infection can cause reduced fertility. When gonorrhea infection spreads to the bloodstream, both men and women can experience, heart valve damage, or inflammation of the lining of the or spinal cord. These are rare but serious conditions.
Modern antibiotics can cure most gonorrhea infections. Most states also provide free diagnosis and treatment at. At home and over-the-counter remedies There are no at-home remedies or over-the-counter medications that will treat an infection with gonorrhea. If you suspect that you have gonorrhea, you should seek care from a healthcare professional. Antibiotics Gonorrhea is usually treated with an antibiotic injection of Ceftriaxone one time to the buttocks or a single dose of by mouth. Once on antibiotics, you should feel relief within days.
The law requires healthcare professionals to report the infection, usually to the county public health department. Public health officials will identify, contact, test, and treat any sexual partners of the affected person to help prevent the spread of the infection.
Health officials will also contact other people these individuals may have had sexual contact with. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of gonorrhea is a. These cases may require more extensive treatment, with a seven-day course of an oral antibiotic or dual therapy with two different antibiotics, usually for a total of seven days of therapy.
The antibiotics used for extended therapy are usually given once or twice a day. Some common antibiotics used include azithromycin and doxycycline.
Scientists are working to develop vaccines to prevent gonorrhea infection. The safest way to gonorrhea or other STDs is through abstinence. If you do engage in sex, always use a condom.
It’s important to be open with your sexual partners, get regular, and find out if they’ve been tested. If your partner is showing signs of a possible infection, avoid any sexual contact with them. Ask them to seek medical attention to rule out any possible infection that can be passed on.
You’re at a higher risk of contracting gonorrhea if you’ve already had it or any other STDs. You’re also at a higher risk if you have multiple sexual partners or a new partner. If you think you may have gonorrhea, you should avoid any sexual activity. You should also contact your doctor immediately. During your doctor’s visit, be prepared to:.
detail your symptoms. discuss your sexual history. provide the contact info for previous sexual partners so that the doctor can contact them anonymously on your behalf If you’re in contact with your sexual partner(s), let them know they should be tested immediately. If you’re placed on antibiotics, it’s important to take the full course of pills to ensure that your infection is completely treated.
Cutting your course of antibiotics short can make the bacteria more likely to develop resistance to the antibiotic. You also need to follow up with your doctor one to two weeks later to make sure that your infection has cleared. If the results come back negative and your sexual partner is also clear of any infection, it’s possible to resume sexual activity. Gonorrhea and chlamydia are both bacteria that cause STDs. The risk factors are the same for both infections, and both cause similar symptoms.
The complications of chlamydia are very similar to gonorrhea except chlamydia is much less likely to affect sites other than the reproductive tract. Diagnosis and treatment are virtually the same as well. If you think you may have an STD, you should see a healthcare professional. They can determine what type it is by testing you as described above, and then start proper treatment. Graham Rogers, MD Answers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice.
'The clap' redirects here. For other uses, see. Gonorrhea Synonyms Gonococcal infection, gonococcal urethritis, gonorrhoea, the clap Gonococcal lesion on the skin Symptoms None, discharge from the, Causes typically Testing the urine, in males, or in females Prevention, having sex with only one person who is uninfected, Treatment by injection and by mouth Frequency 0.8% (women), 0.6% (men) Gonorrhea, also spelled gonorrhoea, is a (STI) caused by the bacterium.
Many people have no symptoms. Men may have, discharge from the,.
Women may have burning with urination, vaginal bleeding between,. Complications in women include and in men include. If untreated, gonorrhea can spread to. Gonorrhea is spread through sexual contact with an infected person. This includes oral, anal, and vaginal sex. It can also spread from a.
Diagnosis is by testing the urine, in males, or in females. Testing all women who are sexually active and less than 25 years of age each year as well as those with new sexual partners is recommended; the same recommendation applies in (MSM). Gonorrhea can be prevented with the use of, having sex with only one person who is uninfected,. Treatment is usually with by injection and by mouth.
Has developed to many previously used and higher doses of ceftriaxone are occasionally required. Retesting is recommended three months after treatment. Sexual partners from the last 2 months should also be treated. Gonorrhea affects about 0.8% of women and 0.6% of men.
An estimated 33 to 106 million new cases occur each year, out of the 498 million new cases of curable STI – which also includes,. Infections in women most commonly occur when they are young adults. In 2015, it caused about 700 deaths. Descriptions of the disease date as far back as the. If not treated gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum will develop in 28% of infants born to women with gonorrhea. Half of women with gonorrhea do, whereas others have, lower abdominal pain, or associated with.
Most infected men with symptoms have associated with a and discharge from the penis. In men, discharge with or without burning occurs in half of all cases and is the most common symptom of the infection. Men and women can acquire gonorrhea of the throat from performing oral sex on an infected partner, usually a male partner. Such infection does not produce symptoms in 90% of cases, and produces a sore throat in the remaining 10%. In advanced cases, gonorrhea may cause a general similar to other infections. It is also possible for an individual to have an to the bacteria, in which case any appearing symptoms will be greatly intensified. The is 2 to 14 days, with most symptoms appearing between 4 and 6 days after infection.
Rarely, gonorrhea may cause skin lesions and joint infection (pain and swelling in the joints) after traveling through the blood stream (see below). Very rarely it may settle in the heart causing or in the spinal column causing (both are more likely among individuals with suppressed immune systems, however). Having a case of gonorrhea is associated with an increased risk of developing. Multiple views of a bacterium, which causes gonorrhea. Gonorrhea is caused by the bacterium. Previous infection does not confer immunity - a person who has been infected can become infected again by exposure to someone who is infected. Infected persons may be able to infect others repeatedly without having any signs or symptoms of their own.
Spread The infection is usually spread from one person to another through,. Men have a 20% risk of getting the infection from a single act of vaginal intercourse with an infected woman. The risk for men that have sex with men (MSM) is higher. Active MSM may get a penile infection, while passive MSM may get anorectal gonorrhea. Women have a 60–80% risk of getting the infection from a single act of vaginal intercourse with an infected man. A pregnant women can pass on the infection to her unborn infant.
A mother may transmit gonorrhea to her newborn during childbirth; when affecting the infant's eyes, it is referred to as. It may be able to spread through the objects contaminated with body fluid from an infected person. The bacteria typically does not survive long outside the body, typically dying within minutes to hours. Diagnosis Traditionally, gonorrhea was diagnosed with and; however, newer (PCR)-based testing methods are becoming more common. In those failing initial treatment, culture should be done to determine sensitivity to antibiotics. Tests that use (, aka nucleic acid amplification) to identify genes unique to N.
Gonorrhoeae are recommended for screening and diagnosis of gonorrhea infection. These PCR-based tests require a sample of urine, urethral swabs, or cervical/vaginal swabs. Culture (growing colonies of bacteria in order to isolate and identify them) and Gram-stain (staining of bacterial cell walls to reveal morphology) can also be used to detect the presence of N. Gonorrhoeae in all specimen types except urine.
If Gram-negative, oxidase-positive diplococci are visualized on direct Gram stain of urethral pus (male genital infection), no further testing is needed to establish the diagnosis of gonorrhea infection. However, in the case of female infection direct Gram stain of cervical swabs is not useful because the N. Gonorrhoeae organisms are less concentrated in these samples.
The chances of false positives are increased as Gram-negative diplococci native to the normal vaginal flora cannot be distinguished from N. Thus, cervical swabs must be cultured under the conditions described above. If oxidase positive, Gram-negative diplococci are isolated from a culture of a cervical/vaginal swab specimen, then the diagnosis is made. Culture is especially useful for diagnosis of infections of the throat, recutum, eyes, blood, or joints – areas where PCR-based tests are not well established in all labs. Culture is also useful for antimicrobial sensitivity testing, treatment failure, and epidemiological purposes (outbreaks, surveillance). In patients who may have disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI), all possible mucosal sites should be cultured (e.g., pharynx, cervix, urethra, rectum). Three sets of blood cultures should also be obtained.
Synovial fluid should be collected in cases of. All people testing positive for gonorrhea should be tested for other sexually transmitted diseases such as,.
Studies have found co-infection with ranging from 46 to 54% in young people with gonorrhea. For this reason, gonorrhea and chlamydia testing are often combined. People diagnosed with gonorrhea infection have a fivefold increase risk of HIV transmission. Additionally, infected persons who are HIV positive are more likely to shed and transmit HIV to uninfected partners during an episode of gonorrhea. Screening The (USPSTF) recommends screening for gonorrhea in women at increased risk of infection, which includes all sexually active women younger than 25 years. Extragenital gonorrhea and chlamydia are highest in (MSM). Additionally, the USPSTF also recommends routine screening in people who have previously tested positive for gonorrhea or have multiple sexual partners and individuals who use condoms inconsistently, provide sexual favors for money, or have sex while under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
Screening for gonorrhea in women who are (or intend to become) pregnant, and who are found to be at high risk for, is recommended as part of. See also: As with most sexually transmitted diseases, the risk of infection can be reduced significantly by the correct use of and can be removed almost entirely by limiting sexual activities to a mutually monogamous relationship with an uninfected person. Those previously infected are encouraged to return for follow up care to make sure that the infection has been eliminated. In addition to the use of phone contact, the use of email and text messaging have been found to improve the re-testing for infection. Newborn babies coming through the birth canal are given ointment in the eyes to prevent blindness from infection. The underlying gonorrhea should be treated; if this is done then usually a good prognosis will follow.
Treatment Antibiotics. Entered mass production in 1944 and revolutionized the treatment of several venereal diseases. As of 2010, injectable is one of the few effective antibiotics. This is typically given in combination with either. As of 2015 and 2016 the CDC and WHO only recommends both ceftriaxone and azithromycin.
Where Was Gonorrhea Originated Paracaidismo Extremo Rare
Because of increasing rates of local susceptibility patterns must be taken into account when deciding on treatment. Adults may have eyes infected with gonorrhoea and require proper personal hygiene and medications. Among persons in the United States between 14 and 39 years of age, 46% of people with gonorrheal infection also have chlamydial infection. Sexual partners It is recommended that sexual partners be tested and potentially treated. One option for treating sexual partners of people infected is (PDPT), which involves providing prescriptions or medications to the person to take to his/her partner without the health care provider's first examining him/her. The United States' currently recommend that individuals who have been diagnosed and treated for gonorrhea avoid sexual contact with others until at least one week past the final day of treatment in order to prevent the spread of the bacterium.
Antibiotic resistance Many antibiotics that were once effective including, and are no longer recommended because of high rates of resistance. Resistance to has reached a level such that it is no longer recommended as a first-line agent in the United States, and if it is used a person should be tested again after a week to determine whether the infection still persists. Cases of resistance to ceftriaxone have been reported but are still rare, though public health officials are concerned that an emerging pattern of resistance may predict a global epidemic. The UK's reported that 2011 saw a slight drop in gonorrhea antibiotic resistance, the first in 5 years. 143 Gonorrhea if left untreated may last for weeks or months with higher risks of complications.
One of the complications of gonorrhea is systemic dissemination resulting in skin or,. This occurs in between 0.6 and 3% of infected women and 0.4 and 0.7% of infected men. In men, and can result from untreated gonorrhea. In women, the most common result of untreated gonorrhea is. Other complications include, a rare complication associated with; in the fingers, wrists, toes, and ankles;; during pregnancy; neonatal or adult blindness from;. Men who have had a gonorrhea infection have an increased risk of getting. Gonorrhea—Rates: United States, 1941–2007 About 88 million cases of gonorrhea occur each year, out of the 448 million new cases of curable STI each year – that also includes syphilis, chlamydia.
In 2013, it caused about 3,200 deaths, up from 2,300 in 1990. In the United Kingdom, 196 per 100,000 males 20 to 24 years old and 133 per 100,000 females 16 to 19 years old were diagnosed in 2005.
In 2013, the CDC estimated that more than 820,000 people in the United States get a new gonorrheal infection each year. Fewer than half of these infections are reported to CDC. In 2011, 321,849 cases of gonorrhea were reported to the CDC. After the implementation of a national gonorrhea control program in the mid-1970s, the national gonorrhea rate declined from 1975 to 1997.
After a small increase in 1998, the gonorrhea rate has decreased slightly since 1999. In 2004, the rate of reported gonorrheal infections was 113. 5 per 100,000 persons. In the US, it is the second-most-common bacterial; remains first. According to the CDC are most affected by gonorrhea, accounting for 69% of all gonorrhea cases in 2010. The World Health Organization warned in 2017 of the spread of untreatable strains of gonorrhea, following analysis of at least three cases in Japan, France and Spain, which survived all antibiotic treatment.
During World War II, the U.S. Government used posters to warn military personnel about the dangers of gonorrhea and other. Some scholars translate the biblical terms zav (for a male) and zavah (for a female) as gonorrhea.
It has been suggested that was used as a treatment for gonorrhea. Surgeons' tools on board the recovered English warship the included a that, according to some, was used to inject the mercury via the into any unfortunate crewman suffering from gonorrhea. The name 'the clap', in reference to the disease, is recorded as early as the sixteenth century.
Addressed gonorrhea in his book, Homeopathic Guide to all Diseases Urinary and Sexual Organs. He noted that the disease was common in and in large cities. Gollmann recommended the following as cures: to cure 'shooting pains with soreness and inflammation;' mercury 'for stitching pain with purulent discharge;' and 'when the symptoms are complicated with and stricture of the. Other include, aurum ,. Was one of the widely used drugs in the 19th century. However, It became replaced.
Invented this type of colloidal silver, which was marketed by from 1897 on. The silver-based treatment was used until the first antibiotics came into use in the 1940s. The exact time of onset of gonorrhea as prevalent disease or epidemic cannot be accurately determined from the historical record.
One of the first reliable notations occurs in the Acts of the (English) Parliament. In 1161, this body passed a law to reduce the spread of '.the perilous infirmity of burning'.
The symptoms described are consistent with, but not diagnostic of, gonorrhea. A similar decree was passed by in France in 1256, replacing regulation with banishment. Similar symptoms were noted at the.
Coincidental to, or dependent on, the appearance of a gonorrhea epidemic, several changes occurred in European medieval society. Cities hired doctors to treat afflicted patients without right of refusal. Rescinded the requirement that physicians complete studies for the lower orders of the. Medieval public health physicians in the employ of their cities were required to treat prostitutes infected with the 'burning', as well as lepers and other epidemic victims. After Pope Boniface completely secularized the practice of medicine, physicians were more willing to treat a sexually transmitted disease. Research A vaccine for gonorrhea has been developed that is effective in mice. It will not be available for human use until further studies have demonstrated that it is both safe and effective in the human population.
Development of a vaccine has been complicated by the ongoing evolution of resistant strains and antigenic variation (the ability of N. Gonorrhoeae to disguise itself with different surface markers to evade the immune system). As is closely related to and they have 80–90% homology in their genetic sequences some cross-protection by is plausible. A study published in 2017 showed that group B meningococcal vaccine provided a partial protection against gonorrhea.
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